The unsolved mystery of the Van Meter Visitor - a winged creature with a glowing horn that caused terror in an Iowa town 110 years ago
In 1903 residents in Van Meter, Iowa claimed to have seen an eight-foot winged creature with a forehead horn that cast a blinding beam of light. 110 years later the creature and mystery remain unsolved
A bizarre legend and unsolved mystery which has haunted a small Iowa town for more than 100 years is the subject of a new book called The Van Meter Visitor.
For several nights in 1903, the small town of Van Meter, Iowa was terrorized by a giant bat-like creature that emerged from an old abandoned mine.
The identity of this mysterious monster has never been discovered, but over 100 years later a new book is retelling the amazing tale and hoping to shed some light on what happened all those years ago.
The legend dates back to the fall of 1903, when several of Van Meter’s most well respected citizens reported a half human, half animal with enormous, smooth bat wings flying about.
The creature is described as moving at speeds the townsfolk had never witnessed before, plus it let off a powerful stench and shot a blinding light from its horned head.
Each time the townsfolk encountered the creature they fired their guns at it, but this appeared to have no impact on the creature.
On the first night it was first spotted flying across the building tops. The next evening it was spotted by both the town doctor and bank cashier Peter Dunn who took a plaster cast of its ‘great three-toed tracks.’
On the third night, a man spotted it perched atop a telephone pole. Another resident who saw it, described the monster as hopping like a kangaroo, while the local high school teacher likened it to a devil.
Scared and angered by what they had witnessed, the townsfolk followed the creature to an abandoned coal mine near an old brickyard where they heard a noise from the mine.
‘Presently the noise opened up again, as though Satan and a regiment of imps were coming forth for battle,’ reads an article in the Des Moines Daily News from Oct. 3, 1903.
The monster appeared together with a smaller version. In a flash of bright light they sailed away, but returned in the morning when the town’s men had gathered with weapons ‘to rid the earth of them’.
‘The reception they received would have sunk the Spanish fleet, but aside from unearthly noise and peculiar odor they did not seem to mind it, but slowly descended the shaft of the old mine.’
The creature was never seen again.
This amazing tale has survived and been retold for several generations now and a written version even exists in the town’s centennial book.
The new book is the work of Chad Lewis, who has written over 15 books about the supernatural, plus co-authors Noah Voss and Kevin Lee Nelson and help from local librarian Jolena Walker.
The authors visited the quiet town and spoke to local residents who told them the stories about the creature which passed been down and they visited several historic locations including the mine.
Lewis says he has found no evidence to suggest the monster was a hoax, although be believes the facts of the story may have been embellished over the years.
Lewis told the Des Moines Register that even though he said he’s unsure what happened those fall nights in 1903 in Van Meter, seeking the answer was more important than finding it.
‘It was an era when anything was possible. Science was starting to gain momentum. In fact, they had just discovered the mountain gorilla. So the beast in the jungle was real,’ he told. ‘People were open to the fact that anything could happen.’
Source Credit(s): Top photo credit: A sketch, by Kevin Lee Nelson, based on century-old descriptions of the Van Meter Visitor, dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2319503/The-unsolved-mystery-Van-Meter-Visitor—winged-creature-glowing-horn-caused-terror-Iowa-town-110-years-ago.html All other photos © thevanmetervisitor.com
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What is the Scariest Cryptid You’d Never Want to Meet? -=PART 2!=-
Winged Manta Ray Shaped Cryptid - Near Ashton, WV
Lon Strickler of Phantoms and Monsters received the following email in reference to his post The Mothman Cometh:
“Hi Lon, thanks for responding so quickly. Here are my drawings and report. Chris Holly reported my story pretty much verbatim, so I will repeat it here for you in a slightly different form.
Date: Dec. 3, 2004
Time:6:00 - 7:00pm
Weather Conditions: clear and already dark. Moon hadn’t risen yet
Location: Traveling south on Rt.2 in WV from Point Pleasant to Huntington WV. Near Ashton WV (see map)
A friend and I were traveling on Rt. 2 towards Huntington WV. I was on my way to set up my booth for an art show and my mind was occupied with the booth set up and show logistics. We had just gone over the railroad tracks outside of Ashton WV and were on a long straight stretch of road. There was distant oncoming traffic and the headlights were on. There were no cars behind us in sight. I was in the passenger seat and my friend was driving. I noticed a sudden movement in the sky over the Ohio River to my right in front of the car. It was a greyish, smooth, winged shape. the shape swooped in a figure 8 in front of the windshield and then was suddenly gone to the left of us. It didn’t fly out of sight, it was just gone. This happened very quickly, but as I am a visual artist, it was impressed into my memory banks!
Size: Bigger than the car. The wingspread was wider than the 2 lane road we were on. The wings seemed to stretch wider somehow as it did the figure 8 swoop. It was never more than 25 feet away from us as it flew towards the windshield. We thought it was going to crash into the windshield! At one point during the swoop it was only about 5 feet off of the pavement.
Color: Grey, translucent like a jellyfish. As it banked and swooped I could see many angles of it and somehow it looked more transparent as it turned some parts to us. I immediately thought it was like a manta ray. The body was flattish like a manta ray or a bat. The wings were long and smooth and sort of pointed at the tip. I saw no texture or roughness on it, only smooth surface.
Characteristics: Only body and wings- no head, eyes, tail, or feet. It did not look humanoid in any way. On the other hand, it wasn’t a bird either. It moved more like something in the ocean would move - Did not flap the wings like a bird, or flutter them like a bat, but stretched them instead. My friend (who alas passed away a year ago) said to him the wings looked ragged like there were pieces coming off of them.
He also said he got a good look at the underneath and it looked grey and smooth. This absolutely was not a machine! It was articulated like a living creature and seemed like something organic.
As I look back on this sighting, I wonder if it was something playing with us - It happened so quickly that the only scary part was when we thought it was going to crash into the windshield. It was so beautiful and strange! It reminded me of a sea creature more than anything else, maybe our air is like water to them.
The only other time in my life I have ever seen anything remotely similar was in 2000 in Clay Co. WV, driving along a one lane road along the Elk River (a river was present in both instance -I just realized) In that case, I was alone and for about a mile as I drove, I kept noticing a shimmer in front of the car about 15 feet ahead of the car. This was late morning in the summer. It preceeded the car at the same distance for several minutes, then I noticed a shadow on the road too, large and shaped sort of like a bird. I looked up out of the windshield and there was a large crow flying above me. But what I first saw in front of the car was not a shadow, it was a disturbance in the air in front of my car that looked like a heat mirage sort of but was very close. This was a curvy country road right by the river. I had never seen heat mirages on that road before or since. At the time I thought that it was just sort of weird, then very close to that time I had a very lucid dream that I was in my car flying over the river right near the place where I saw the shadow.
As an artist, my mind is open to many possibilities and explanations - I think the unseen world is just a small vibrational frequency away. As a child I was fascinated by fairies and nature spirits and spent a lot of time alone outdoors.”
NOTE: though there have been several variations in describing the ‘Mothman’, this particular description is unique and most likely represents another cryptid or non-terrestrial entity. As well as the Mothman sightings, the area along the Ohio River (southern Ohio and southwest West Virginia) has had a large number of other paranormal events including UFOs, large apparitions and hauntings, native and folklore based creatures, etc…Lon
Lon Strickler is the author of Phantoms & Monsters: Cryptid Encounters a collection of personal cryptid encounter reports submitted by regular people who felt compelled to find answers about their unexplained experience.
Source Credit(s): (Permission Granted) Phantoms and Monsters http://naturalplane.blogspot.com/2010/08/winged-manta-ray-shaped-cryptid-near.html
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![The Creature Of Tagua Tagua Lagoon
The legend of this creature is little known, even for residents of San Vicente in the country’s 6th region, but this discovery returns a piece of their history to them. The horrible creature in the etching that accompanies this article is the little-known Monster of Tagua Tagua lagoon, a legendary creature that not even the residents of San Vicente, in Chile’s 6th region, have ever heard of.
The indescribably horrifying creature was relegated to oblivion for over 2 centuries until two Spanish researchers discovered the drawing among thousands of documents in the Madrid National Library. Thus, the anonymous etching made in Chile in 1784 became the poster for the exposition “Monsters and Other Imaginary Beings” that took place in the Spanish capital to great popular acclaim.The winged, two-tailed figure with scales and a human face had a well-deserved presence among nearly 200 images, just as unreal, belonging to such artists as Goya, Durero, Ribera, Brueghel, Holbein, Picart and Kircher. Plates extracted from classics of literature and scientific texts—largely from the 15th and 18th centuries, were also on exhibit. Under the drawing of the monster, a true bibliographic jewel, it can be read that it appeared in early 1784 at the farm of Don Próspero Elso and that “it did great damage, eating all manner of animals and drinking from the lagoon, until 100 men stealthily ambushed it with firearms and caught it alive.” The description is very detailed: “It measures three and a half rods long and its tail is bigger than its body. It legs are nearly a quarter [rod] but its claws are much larger. Its mane reaches the ground so that it entangles around its feet. The upper tail…helps it to catch its prey. The teeth are some 30 cm long and the mouth is as wide as its face. Its horns are a rod and a half long and very well-turned, and finally, it ears are are three quarters of a rod long. Even more curious: an address — Calle de Carretas No.8 — is given for those interested in seeing it. The spectacular Madrid exposition, unprecedented in Europe, featured cyclops, dwarves, giants, two headed or six-fingered creatures, hermaphrodites, lion-men, bearded or multi-breasted women. However, the organizers of this exhibit — Javier Moscoso, a professor with the University of Murcia, and Antonio Lafuente, fellow of the Superior Center for Scientific Research — believe that “the presence of horns is one of the definite signs of monstrosity. Our selection has been based, on the one hand, by the richness of the image and by the historical importance, on the other. To some residents of San Vicente de Tagua Tagua, the legend that gave rise to the monster was possibly a reflection of the fears, nightmares and anguish felt at the time. After all, this wasn’t the first time that the existence of fantastic creatures in the area was suspected, and sometimes quite rightly. That was where the Inca Empire came to an end, and in recent decades the remains of 14 mammoths from 11,000 years ago were discovered, making the place one of the richest sites in America for modern archaeology. However, no one imagined that the most recent discovery would be an item forgotten thousands of kilometers away, in Madrid’s National Library. San Vicente residents recall that the Tagua Tagua Lagoon — drained in the 1930s — was notorious for its “chivines”: floating islands formed by a dense and firm network of roots, so resilient that they could bear the weight of a horse. Deceived by the large size of some of these “chivines”, cattle would climb onto them to graze, realizing only too late that the floating island had been taken away by the current without any hope of escape. That’s how the legend emerged among natives and Spaniards about a monster that dragged cattle into the lake. Armed groups of hunters were even organized to capture it. Originally featured in La Tercera (Santiago de Chile) 1-13-2 p.18 Translation (c) 2005, Scott Corrales, IHU. Special thanks to Liliana Núñez.mitológicos del territorio nacional. Source Credit(s): Copyright © Scott Corrales INEXPLICATA - The Journal of Hispanic UfologyArchivos Forteanos de Latinoamérica6-9-5 http://rense.com/general66/tagua.htm Copyright Jeff Rense © rense.com
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The Creature Of
Tagua Tagua Lagoon
The legend of this creature is little known, even for residents of San Vicente in the country’s 6th region, but this discovery returns a piece of their history to them. The horrible creature in the etching that accompanies this article is the little-known Monster of Tagua Tagua lagoon, a legendary creature that not even the residents of San Vicente, in Chile’s 6th region, have ever heard of.
The indescribably horrifying creature was relegated to oblivion for over 2 centuries until two Spanish researchers discovered the drawing among thousands of documents in the Madrid National Library. Thus, the anonymous etching made in Chile in 1784 became the poster for the exposition “Monsters and Other Imaginary Beings” that took place in the Spanish capital to great popular acclaim.
The winged, two-tailed figure with scales and a human face had a well-deserved presence among nearly 200 images, just as unreal, belonging to such artists as Goya, Durero, Ribera, Brueghel, Holbein, Picart and Kircher. Plates extracted from classics of literature and scientific texts—largely from the 15th and 18th centuries, were also on exhibit.
Under the drawing of the monster, a true bibliographic jewel, it can be read that it appeared in early 1784 at the farm of Don Próspero Elso and that “it did great damage, eating all manner of animals and drinking from the lagoon, until 100 men stealthily ambushed it with firearms and caught it alive.”
The description is very detailed: “It measures three and a half rods long and its tail is bigger than its body. It legs are nearly a quarter [rod] but its claws are much larger. Its mane reaches the ground so that it entangles around its feet. The upper tail…helps it to catch its prey. The teeth are some 30 cm long and the mouth is as wide as its face. Its horns are a rod and a half long and very well-turned, and finally, it ears are are three quarters of a rod long.
Even more curious: an address — Calle de Carretas No.8 — is given for those interested in seeing it.
The spectacular Madrid exposition, unprecedented in Europe, featured cyclops, dwarves, giants, two headed or six-fingered creatures, hermaphrodites, lion-men, bearded or multi-breasted women. However, the organizers of this exhibit — Javier Moscoso, a professor with the University of Murcia, and Antonio Lafuente, fellow of the Superior Center for Scientific Research — believe that “the presence of horns is one of the definite signs of monstrosity. Our selection has been based, on the one hand, by the richness of the image and by the historical importance, on the other.
To some residents of San Vicente de Tagua Tagua, the legend that gave rise to the monster was possibly a reflection of the fears, nightmares and anguish felt at the time. After all, this wasn’t the first time that the existence of fantastic creatures in the area was suspected, and sometimes quite rightly. That was where the Inca Empire came to an end, and in recent decades the remains of 14 mammoths from 11,000 years ago were discovered, making the place one of the richest sites in America for modern archaeology. However, no one imagined that the most recent discovery would be an item forgotten thousands of kilometers away, in Madrid’s National Library.
San Vicente residents recall that the Tagua Tagua Lagoon — drained in the 1930s — was notorious for its “chivines”: floating islands formed by a dense and firm network of roots, so resilient that they could bear the weight of a horse. Deceived by the large size of some of these “chivines”, cattle would climb onto them to graze, realizing only too late that the floating island had been taken away by the current without any hope of escape. That’s how the legend emerged among natives and Spaniards about a monster that dragged cattle into the lake. Armed groups of hunters were even organized to capture it.
Originally featured in La Tercera (Santiago de Chile) 1-13-2 p.18
Translation (c) 2005, Scott Corrales, IHU. Special thanks to Liliana Núñez.
mitológicos del territorio nacional.
Source Credit(s): Copyright © Scott Corrales INEXPLICATA - The Journal of Hispanic UfologyArchivos Forteanos de Latinoamérica6-9-5 http://rense.com/general66/tagua.htm Copyright Jeff Rense © rense.com
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Vietnam and High (Humanoid) Strangeness in Wartime
There are few periods in World History that become murkier than those during which conflict erupts. Within this already darkened jurisdiction of past studies, perhaps no era is quite so strange and troubling as those years during which the infamous Vietnam conflict had been waged.
Falling between the final years of the 1960s, the United States became embroiled in the conflict with the intention of aiding South Vietnam, and of course, to bolster the ongoing effort toward the spread of democracy in parts of the world still riddled by Communism. So far as historic periods of conflict are concerned, Vietnam is indeed remembered as one of the darker periods in history; and within its shadows of obscurity, there are nonetheless a number of curious accounts and seldom-spoken mysteries which have prevailed over the years, begging questions as to what kinds of odd operations might have been taking place “behind the scenes,” so to speak.
That is, of course, if such strange stories can be believed. Indeed, some of the more bizarre accounts from the Vietnam years are so strange, they might likely fall beyond the jurisdictions of what can even be considered “believable.” And yet, the stories persist… which include accounts of friendly giants, glowing nonhumans, and winged wonder-women drifting about the deep jungles by cover of night.
And here’s the complete article at Mysterious Universe
Source Credit(s): Copyright © Micah Hanks/Mysterious Universe mysteriousuniverse.org/2012/11/vietnam-and-high-humanoid-strangeness-in-wartime/ (Reposted with permission)
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The Roc - Old World Thunderbird
Seven hundred years ago, Arab traders told of a bird so huge it could lift elephants into the sky.
The Roc, also known as Rukh, is the Old World version of the thunderbird. Rocs derive from ancient Arabic and Persian legends. These spectacular avian giants were said to be eagle-like and subsist primarily on elephants, which they would kill by flying to a great height then dropping the unfortunate creature to crash to its death on the rocks below and then carried it away to their nests.
Sailors said it lived on an island off the southern coast of Africa and it is mentioned in both Marco Polo’s Book of Travels and in the Arabian collection of folktales called One Thousand and One Arabian Nights as the mythological bird of Arabia.
Marco Polo describes rocs living in Madagascar, and envoys from Madagascar allegedly presented the great Kubla Khan of Cathay with a Roc feather that was 90 spans long (about 67 feet.)
In Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, the genie refers to a roc’s egg as his master:
“[The princess told Aladdin that] her pleasure in the [palace built by the genie] was spoiled for the want of a roc’s egg hanging from the dome. ‘If that is all,’ replied Aladdin, ‘you shall soon be happy.’ He left her and rubbed the lamp, and when the genie appeared commanded him to bring a roc’s egg. The genie gave such a loud and terrible shriek that the hall shook. ‘Wretch!’ he cried, ‘is it not enough that I have done everything for you, but you must command me to bring my master and hang him up in the midst of this dome? You and your wife and your palace deserve to be burnt to ashes …’”
In The Second Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, Sinbad uses a roc to escape a desert island, and later describes a roc carrying off both a rhinoceros and an elephant:
“I had before me one of the legs of the bird, which was as big as the trunk of a tree. I tied myself strongly to it with the cloth that went round my turban, in hopes that when the roc flew away next morning she would carry me with her out of this desert island.”“The rhinoceros fights with the elephant, runs his horn into him, and carries him off upon his head; but the blood of the elephant running into his eyes and making him blind, he falls to the ground, and then, strange to relate, the roc comes and carries them both away in her claws to be food for her young ones.”

Sinbad hitching a ride on the legendary Roc
In The Fifth Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, a roc couple avenge the death of their child by destroying Sinbad’s ship:
“… we found an egg of a roc … The merchants whom I had taken on board my ship … broke the egg with hatchets, and … pulled out the young roc piece by piece, and roasted it. … Scarcely had they made an end of their feast, when there appeared in the air, at a considerable distance from us, two great clouds. … it was the cock and hen roc that belonged to the young one … [They] approached with a frightful noise, … [and] carried between their talons stones, or rather rocks, of a monstrous size. When they came directly over my ship, they hovered, and one of them let fall a stone … so exactly upon the middle of the ship that it split into a thousand pieces.”
Relation of the roc to the constellation Cygnus:
“The origin of the representation as bird of these stars is Greek. It is thought that the original figure of the mesopotámica tradition had taken the name of Urakhga, prototype of the Rukh Arab, more known in the West like the great “Roc”, a fiction personage inspired by the merchants of Bagdad, the story of Sinbad the Sailor, content in Thousands and the One Nights.”
In fact a giant ostrich-like bird called the Aepyornis maximus or elephant bird once lived on the island of Madagascar, off the coast of Africa. This gigantic bird may not have become extinct until the sixteenth century, and it is said to have been the largest bird that ever lived - believed to have been 3 metres (10 ft) tall and weighing close to half a ton – 400 kilograms (880 lb). But while huge like the roc, this bird was not able to fly, however, its large eggs probably helped fuel the legend of the mythical Roc.
Aepyornis maximus
H.G.Wells wrote a short story called Aepyornis Island in which a marooned sailor hatches an Aepyornis egg and lives with the bird, far larger than any recorded in history, for several years.
Remains of Aepyornis adults and eggs have been found; in some cases the eggs have a circumference of over 1 meter (3.3 ft) and a length up to 34 centimetres (13 in). The egg volume is about 160 times greater than a chicken egg.
It is widely believed that the extinction of Aepyornis was an effect of human activity. The birds were initially widespread, occurring from the northern to the southern tip of Madagascar. One theory states that humans hunted the elephant birds to extinction in a very short time for such a large landmass. There is indeed evidence that they were killed. However, their eggs may have been the most vulnerable point in their life cycle. A recent archaeological study found fragments of eggshells among the remains of human fires, suggesting that the eggs regularly provided meals for entire families.
Aepyornis is not the only giant bird to give rise to legends. The Maori people have long told of a giant eagle that once lived in New Zealand. Evidence such as bones and talons have proved the giant bird, now called Haast’s eagle, was more than a myth. And unlike Aepyornis, it could fly. It had a wingspan of nearly three meters (10 feet) and preyed on moas, large flightless birds related to ostriches. Haast’s eagle (Harpagornis moorei) lived until about AD 1500-recent enough to possibly have been encountered by Maori ancestors. ![]()
Giant Haast’s eagle attacking New Zealand moa
The Aepyornis elephant bird was not a moa, but the other flightless giant island-living birds had members in its family which were taller than the elephant bird at 7 ft (2 metres) to the middle of the back and 13 ft (4 metres) to the head (twice the height of a tall man).
New Zealand was even more isolated than Madagascar and had no land mammals except bats. The first Polynesians arrived in New Zealand around the 10th century, becoming the Maori. The dominant life-forms were the giant land birds that lived in the fringes of the semi-tropical forests and on the grasslands and which the Maoris called ‘Moas’. Encountering the huge birds, the Maoris made legends of the giant moa, calling it the Poua-Kai and describing it as a huge bird of terrific size and strength which, in a great battle, destroyed half the warriors of a powerful tribe with its terrible rending talons and thrusting beak Moas were huge ratite ‘running birds’ like the Elephant Bird, but they inhabited the grasslands and forest-fringe in extraordinary numbers and variety. Scientists later gave them the family name Dinornithidae, ‘terrible birds’. The aggressive Polynesian invaders became a Moa-hunting culture and for the moa, which had had no predators in 100 million years, the effect was devastating.
By the time Europeans discovered the islands in 1770, the giant moas had been hunted to extinction; their official extinction date is given as 1773. Europeans did not learn of the moa’s existence until bones were discovered in the 1830s.
With only one natural predator large enough to tackle them, the Haast’s Eagle, they were the dominant terrestrial species on the islands.
INTERTWINED TALES
Is it possible the legendary Roc was based on a combination of the very real Elephant Bird and Giant Haast’s Eagles that actually existed? Many Cryptozoologists do believe the mythical bird could have been based upon actual sightings of these giant birds.
That Roc feather mentioned earlier was later suggested by Marco Polo’s translator, Sir Henry Yule, to be a frond of a Raphia palm that the Great Khan was conned by. Raphia palms grow up to 16 m tall and are remarkable for their compound pinnate leaves, the longest in the plant kingdom; leaves of R. regalis up to 25.11 m long and 3 m wide are known. If you were alive back in this age of wonder, you too may have experienced bewildered awe of anyone who first saw them.
Source Credit(s): www-v1.amnh.org/exhibitions/mythiccreatures/air/strike.php, monsters.monstrous.com/roc.htm, ennex.com/~Roc/name/index.asp, messybeast.com/extinct/moa.htm, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aepyornis, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffia_palm
Roc top illustration (with permission) © Gonzalo Ordóñez Arias genzoman.deviantart.com
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A little treat for Cryptid Chronicles fans! My good friend Ken Gerhard, an American cryptozoologist and REAL monster hunter, has given me permission to provide this illustrated teaser to you guys from his new, long-awaited book about the flying humanoid phenomenon which will be published next year. Ken is also the author of the books Big Bird: Modern Sightings of Flying Monsters and Monsters of Texas. This particular sketch was done by a San Antonio artist named John Houston. Can you guess what this winged creature could be?
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A Mexican Mothman?
A cemetery in Guadalajara, Mexico that is noted for its highly decorative architecture, pillared buildings, elegant tombs and spacious, tree-enveloped grounds, Panteon de Belen was built in1848 and closed its doors four years before the dawning of the twentieth century. But, that hasn’t stopped its residents from being highly active – which is somewhat notable since each and every one of them is, of course, quite dead!
By Nick Redfern
Nick Redfern is the author of There’s Something in the Woods and MONSTER DIARY: On the Road in Search of Strange and Sinister Creatures
Loren Coleman had the following to say: “At Bellas Artes in San Miguel de Allende, just a block from the Jardin in the Centro, in Mexico, one may observe the many murals and galleries that line the arched walls. One of them is the above Chupacabras mural. Note the panic among the people.”
Source Credit(s): mania.com/lair-beasts-monster-among-graves_article_134337.html, cryptomundo.com/eyewitness-accounts/mexican-mothman/
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Night-Ravens - Or What’s In A Name?
What, if anything, is a mysterious winged creature known as the night-raven?
The answer to this question depends upon whether you are investigating it from an ornithological, cryptozoological, or zoomythological standpoint - because three entirely different creatures all share this same intriguing name.
In Norway, the nattravn (‘night-raven’) is simply a name given to the European nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus or goatsucker. End of story.
Conversely, the night-raven that appears in English literature is a much more diffuse subject. It was a certain William Shakespeare who penned the following tantalising lines: “The night-crow cried, aboding luckless time;” (3 King Henry VI, V.vi.47), and “I had as lief have heard the night-raven, come what plague could have come after it.” (Much Ado About Nothing, II.iii.81). Equally, in his The Faerie Queene (II.vii.23), Edmund Spenser wrote: “And after him the owles and night ravens flew, the hateful messengers of heavy tidings,”. And according to John Lyly in his play Sappho and Phaon (1584), the owl’s shriek and the night-raven’s croak were fatal. But what is the night-raven, this ill-omened bird that appears in such esteemed works of literature yet is singularly absent from any comparably notable ornithological tome?
Several identities have been offered, including the nightingale (even though its famously musical, uplifting song hardly corresponds to the night-raven’s hoarse croak of doom), the afore-mentioned European nightjar, the bittern, various species of owl, and even the night heron (curiously, the latter’s scientific name is indeed Nycticorax – ‘night crow’ – although it shares no resemblance with any corvine bird). However, as elucidated by Edward Armstrong in The Folklore of Birds (1958), it is most likely that the night-raven is of mythological rather than ornithological status, deriving from Norse legends in which the raven is identified with Odin who in turn became identified with the Wild Hunt tradition, featuring spectral hunters riding through the sky at night with a pack of howling dogs – which in literature are extensively associated with the night-raven.
Undoubtedly the most fascinating member of the night-raven trio, however, is the mythological nattravnen (‘night-raven’) of southern Sweden. I first learnt of this extraordinary entity from Swedish cryptozoological artist Richard Svensson, whose wonderful illustration of it heads my present blog. On 2 October 2008, in response to a request of mine for information concerning it, I received the following detailed account from Richard, who kindly permitted me to publish it if I so wished, and which I am therefore delighted to do here, for the very first time anywhere:
“Nattravnen is found in the folklore of Sweden’s two southernmost regions, Skåne and Blekinge. It’s not very well known in general Swedish folklore, and it’s not considered a mystery beast per se, like the Lake Storsjö monster, for example. It’s called Nattravnen in Skåne and Leharven in Blekinge. The name “Nattravnen” is said to mean “the night raven”. Leharven is a more dubious name. “Le” is an old word for bodily joint (and I’ll get back to why that’s a part of its name). Nattravnen is seldom described in detail, but it is a bird-like monster, sometimes said to be dark in colour, but without any feathers. It belongs to a special group of monsters called “grimmar”. Grimmar are supernatural animals that cannot be killed by any normal weapons. They are either ghosts of animals or beasts created by sorcery.
“Nattravnen flies around during the night and is said to devour any lonely wanderer on the roads. But the monster was also dangerous in another way. If you looked up just as it passed the moon or when its body was illuminated by the moon rays, you would be able to see the skeleton (and its joints) through the creature’s thin hide. This was a very bad thing and the sight would render you horrible pains. Mostly you would fall terribly ill and vomit blood or get blood in your urine for at least a week.
“There is an old story from Blekinge concerning Lake Halen, where in old times a flying monster lived. This creature is not actually identified as Leharven, but it appears to have many similar traits. According to legend it resembled a vulture, but without any feathers. When returning to the lake it would not perch in a tree, but dive down under the water and disappear. In the 1970’s a local school adopted the creature as their mascot and dubbed it “Halengamen”, “the Halen Vulture”.
“If I’m not totally mistaken this aquatic connection rings a bell concerning the African “Kongamato”. And the feature about getting ill from watching the flying beast also seems familiar, from something in the West Indies, perhaps.
“There’s also a folktale about a giant vulture sweeping down and grabbing an oxen in an area of Blekinge called Jämshög. The name is said to be derived from “Gamshög” =”Vulture’s Peak”, a hill where the creature is said to have been observed seen sitting. This tale is generally considered as a tall-tale, with no real etymological verification to the name of Jämshög. It’s still interesting as a Swedish counterpart of the American “Thunderbird” tales.
“I’ve done two illustrations of Nattravnen, where I’ve chosen to depict it as very pterodactyl-like.”
From a Norwegian goatsucker and a corvid of Odin to a monstrous Swedish neo-pterodactyl - who would ever have guessed that a name as innocuous as ‘night-raven’ could have conjured forth such a dramatic diversity of creatures real and imaginary?
Source Credit(s): © Dr Karl Shuker 11 November 2010 karlshuker.blogspot.com/2010/11/night-ravens-or-whats-in-name.html
Top Illustration: The terrifying nattravnen or night-raven of southern Swedish folklore © Richard Svensson
Cryptid Chronicles readers, what do YOU think??
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‘Houston Batman’ remains mystery decades after reported encounter
My friend Ken Gerhard was featured in this news story “The legend of Houston’s Batman; The giant creature that haunted the Heights” on Houston’s KTRK. For those who missed it, here is the video about the mysterious, flying humanoid that was reported back in the 1950s.
This was also the perfect opportunity for Ken to announce his long-awaited book about the flying humanoid phenomenon which will be published next year (and which I might be able to get you a sneak preview)!
In his previous book, Monsters of Texas, Ken wrote about one of the strangest of all Texas cryptids - a somewhat Mothman-like creature that became known as the Houston Batman, and which briefly provoked terror in the city of Houston nearly 60 years ago.
Check out this video to hear the strange and spooky story of the Houston Batman!
The Houston Chronicle article detailed the encounter:
”Hilda Walker, a 23-year-old housewife, and two of her neighbors were sitting on their front porch, and suddenly Hilda noticed a large shadow moving across the lawn,” Gerhard said. “It was then that they could make out its form.”
One of the witnesses, Howard Phillips, a tool plant inspector, told the Houston Chronicle, “I could hardly believe it, but I saw it.”
All three witnesses had a similar description of what they saw that night.
“It appeared to be a very tall man or manlike figure standing about six and a half feet tall but with bat-like wings attached to his back,” Gerhard said. “Also seemed to be encased in a halo of glowing light.”
Was it a large bird, maybe an owl? Let me know what you think!!
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The Legendary Tengu
Japanese legends describe a creature, in most cases, a class of supernatural creatures, called the tengu, a bird with four limbs in addition to wings that lives in the mountains and forests of Japan. It often looks somewhat humanoid generally being depicted in Japanese folklore as anthropomorphic birds of prey - typically crows. In fact, this creature is thought to be a shapeshifter, a creature able to assume human form whenever it wants. Different tengu resemble various types of bird, including crows, ravens and eagles. The earliest tengu were pictured with beaks, but this feature has often been humanized as an unnaturally long nose, which today is widely considered the tengu’s defining characteristic in the popular imagination.
The legendary Tengu were often seen as avian-man mountain gods, but there are many traditions for what they are. They are variously described as being cursed humans, demigods, demons, spirits, or a separate race of living beings. Tengu is one of the most famous and ubiquitous creatures in Japanese folklore and originally Buddhism long held that the tengu were disruptive demons and harbingers of war, however, their image gradually softened into one of protective, if still dangerous, spirits of the mountains and forests.
Tengu are born from giant eggs and stories abound of travelers coming across Tengu nests filled with their giant eggs high in the remote mountains. One egg was said to be enough to feed an entire family, but few would dare to disturb them for fear of the Tengu’s wrath. Tengu have been known to possess a wide array of supernatural powers, including teleportation, telepathy, premonition, thought projection (they were thought to be able to invade a person’s mind and drive them insane).
Drawing of a Tengu
In their last incarnation as humans, tengu were arrogant samurai or priests-that is why they have beaks or long noses. The expression tengu ni naru is thus an admonition to avoid being arrogant. If they do good deeds, however, tengu can be reborn as humans.
Tengu, unlike obake (ghosts), are always shown with feet. Yamabushi tengu usually have extremely wrinkled feet to show their old age. The wings of bird tengu are usually shown with ordinary feathers. However, some authorities describe the wings as shimmering, like those of a hummingbird. This would be in keeping with their heavenly origin.
The original incarnation of the Tengu was animalistic, more avian than human, and was typically portrayed as looking variously like anything from simply a giant bird of prey, to a vaguely humanoid form covered in feathers, with wings, piercing eyes, a compact head with a prominently beaked face, and heavy, vicious looking talons. They are depicted both with clothing and without. These animal-like beings were known as the “Karasu Tengu,” or literally “Crow Tengu,” although they could just as often look like eagles or other birds. The Karasu Tengu were known as evil creatures, prone to abducting children, starting fires, and savagely killing anyone foolish enough to do damage to their forest lair. These were violent creatures, said to enjoy ripping travelers limb from limb, and they were thought to be heralds of disaster, war, and doom wherever they went.
Relics relating to Tengu can be found in temples around Japan. For instance, the Hachinohe Museum in Aomori prefecture houses the alleged mummified remains of a Tengu. The skull of these remains is humanoid, while the body is covered with feathers and the feet are like that of a bird. Another temple in Saitama prefecture keeps what is said to be the talon of a Tengu, while still another supposedly has the beaked skull of one.
Could any real animal be behind these legends? If we go the other route and look at the humanoid characteristics that are sometimes present, we run into the realm of winged men.

Japanese Mythology Meets Modern Sightings
There was a story about an incident in 1952, U.S. Pvt. Sinclair Taylor had the experience while on guard duty. This took place at Camp Okubo in Kyoto Japan. The Pvt. heard a loud flapping sound and scanning the sky found what first appeared to be a large bird in the moonlight. It came closer and he put a round in his rifle.
The thing in the air watched the Pvt. for a few moments, not coming closer then continued its descent. He could see a man like body, one 7 ft tall or more . It’s wingspan from his position seemed very near the height. As it made contact with the ground he emptied his rifle. When he checked to see the condition of his target, if he’d struck it, it was gone.
The Sargent of the Guard investigating the gun fire told him he believed his story and that a year earlier another guard had seen the same thing. In a singular case it would have less impact and believability. There is also the point that military personnel, like Police officers, are not likely to discharge their weapons in a haphazard way. There is a stringent set protocol for their use, and the bearer of the weapon is responsible for each round fired.
There is also the fact that in Asia, these winged figures are more common than you’d think. Ufologist Don Worley also related a tale from Earl Morrison, who was among the First Marine Division in Vietnam. His story is of the same eerie sort, a winged object that once closer, could be identified as a humanoid figure. In this case the soldier claimed it was woman, a naked woman, completely black, hair, skin, wings all the same, yet there was the added feature of a greenish glow about her. It illuminated her in the night.
She flew directly over them, blotting out the moon for a moment, and then surprisingly, once 10ft away they could hear the flapping of her wings, something they had not heard before. She was watched as she flew away towards their encampment. Among the details of this story is the fact that she was completely silent when approaching and over them, and then heard leaving. This seems to point towards an effect she may have used on them. It could also be their shock, initially blocking the recognition of such sound out.
There is also a similarity to the large owls mentioned in abduction literature. The Tengu were seen at times as large birds and owls. They were like the Mothman harbingers of doom.
There is, among the Japanese, as much a familiarity with the tengu as the western world has with Angels.
The world over the frightening stories of winged figures seen by old and young, and the modern accounts from Air-force bases of all places, should grab our attention. What were the soldiers mentioned earlier in these Asian countries dealing with?
In Tengu Territory
Could any real animal be behind the Tengu legends? In the world of Japanese monsters, it does not seem likely that it represents a new species. Yet considering how prevalent they are in Japanese folklore, art, theater, and literature and even appearing in earliest representations of tengu appear in Japanese picture scrolls, such as the Tenguzōshi Emaki (天狗草子絵巻?), painted ca. 1296, there must be something to its origins.
One notorious tengu from the 12th century was said to be the ghost of an emperor. The Hōgen Monogatari tells the story of Emperor Sutoku, who was forced by his father to abandon the throne. When he later raised the Hōgen Rebellion to take back the country from Emperor Go-Shirakawa, he was defeated and exiled to Sanuki Province on Shikoku. According to legend he died in torment, having sworn to haunt the nation of Japan as a great demon, and thus became a fearsome tengu with long nails and eyes like a kite’s.
In stories from the 13th century, tengu began to abduct young boys as well as the priests they had always targeted. The boys were often returned, while the priests would be found tied to the tops of trees or other high places. All of the tengu’s victims, however, would come back in a state of near death or madness.
Could this be indicative of some parallels between the story of the Tengu and that of another well known phenomenon, the Mothman? When trying to find answers, there seem to be some similarities worth exploring. Not only do the Mothman and Tengu resemble each other in physical appearance, but there are also similarities between the transformation both creatures underwent from earlier to later versions. In the case of the Mothman, there were the original eyewitness reports of a bird-like creature that later became the more humanoid, supernatural creature popularized by Keel. This later transformation into the more humanoid, paranormal, and generally more outlandish Mothman championed by Keel conflicted with the first eyewitness reports of winged creatures that could have been more grounded in cryptozoology. With Mothman, It is possible that what started out as sightings of a possibly real animal became something more with Keel’s involvement and perhaps further embellishment by later eyewitnesses.
Both Mothman and Tengu started out as winged mystery creatures that were more bird-like in their beginnings, and both share the current popular image as flying, winged distinctly humanoid beings. As fantastic as these current versions may seem, could there have been a real animal at the core of the origins of both of these creatures, indeed perhaps even behind many of the other winged humanoids reported around the world? If the story of Mothman could possibly have had its beginnings in sightings of a real animal, could the same not be true of Tengu? These similarities between the transformation of Mothman from winged cryptid to paranormal winged humanoid, and that of Tengu from animalistic versions to more humanized versions, both possessing increasingly vast supernatural powers, are worthy of consideration.
Even if the culprit was merely a large owl, as is often argued in the case of Mothman, there could be a similar influence on the early versions of Tengu as well. Japan is home to one of the largest species of owl, the Blakiston’s fish owl, which has a wing span of up to 180 cm (6 feet). 
A Blakiston’s fish owl
Under the right circumstances, an owl this large seems like it certainly has the potential to give rise to sightings that, in conjunction with Buddhist folklore and mythology brought over from China, could fuel stories of something like the Tengu. Although the Blackiston’s fish owl is found only in Hokkaido today, perhaps it once enjoyed a larger range in Japan that we are not aware of. There are also other species of owl in Japan, such as the long eared owl, and an exceptionally large specimen could possibly have had something to do with the early accounts of Tengu as well. It seems worth considering that there could have even been some currently unknown species of large bird at work.
It also seems at least worth considering the cryptozoological possibilities behind this creature’s origins.
One hypothesis that has been suggested is that stories of the Tengu could have perhaps been influenced by birds that had demonstrated some sort of physical abnormality. For instance, there are quite a few documented cases of four legged chickens. 
This sort of defect could maybe give the bird the appearance of having arms as well as legs. Perhaps this sort of abnormality could even have been seen in other birds such as crows as well, which would certainly give new importance to the term “Karasu Tengu.” Four legged chickens bear little resemblance to even the most avian looking Tengu, but perhaps deformities such as this had something to do with early stories of bird-like Tengu, which then became imbued with more folkloric elements and human characteristics over time and subsequent generations. Mutations that do this could occur in different species, leading to the variety shown in the legends. Mutations that produce four legs are actually quite well-known in chickens.
In the end, we are left with a perplexing question. Is the Tengu simply pure fabrication, myth, and fantasy, or is there perhaps something more to it? Whether Tengu is a class of supernatural creatures, an giant owl species or mutant bird, there is still widespread belief all over the world in the existence of fabulous birds that include sinister, aggressive, birdlike creatures, so could the Tengu be known to other cultures but as a different myth or cryptid?
Tengu from 1776 bestiary, depicted as a goblin-kite.
The Tengu has such a prominent place in folklore and traditions in Japan, and is so steeped in supernatural imagery, that it is hard to say where the truth ends and the myth begins, as with all lore. However, considering the possible cryptozoological origins in the case of Mothman, as well as known animals of Japan such as the badger, fox, and raccoon dog, that over time were given a similarly mythical status and fantastical abilities, it certainly is interesting to speculate about.
Sources: newanimal.org/tengu.htm, themidnightobserver.wordpress.com/tag/loren-coleman/, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengu, cryptomundo.com/cryptozoo-news/tengu
Cryptid Chronicles readers, what do YOU think??
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![The Roc - Old World Thunderbird
Seven hundred years ago, Arab traders told of a bird so huge it could lift elephants into the sky.
The Roc, also known as Rukh, is the Old World version of the thunderbird. Rocs derive from ancient Arabic and Persian legends. These spectacular avian giants were said to be eagle-like and subsist primarily on elephants, which they would kill by flying to a great height then dropping the unfortunate creature to crash to its death on the rocks below and then carried it away to their nests.Sailors said it lived on an island off the southern coast of Africa and it is mentioned in both Marco Polo’s Book of Travels and in the Arabian collection of folktales called One Thousand and One Arabian Nights as the mythological bird of Arabia.Marco Polo describes rocs living in Madagascar, and envoys from Madagascar allegedly presented the great Kubla Khan of Cathay with a Roc feather that was 90 spans long (about 67 feet.)
In Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, the genie refers to a roc’s egg as his master:
“[The princess told Aladdin that] her pleasure in the [palace built by the genie] was spoiled for the want of a roc’s egg hanging from the dome. ‘If that is all,’ replied Aladdin, ‘you shall soon be happy.’ He left her and rubbed the lamp, and when the genie appeared commanded him to bring a roc’s egg. The genie gave such a loud and terrible shriek that the hall shook. ‘Wretch!’ he cried, ‘is it not enough that I have done everything for you, but you must command me to bring my master and hang him up in the midst of this dome? You and your wife and your palace deserve to be burnt to ashes …’”In The Second Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, Sinbad uses a roc to escape a desert island, and later describes a roc carrying off both a rhinoceros and an elephant:
“I had before me one of the legs of the bird, which was as big as the trunk of a tree. I tied myself strongly to it with the cloth that went round my turban, in hopes that when the roc flew away next morning she would carry me with her out of this desert island.”
“The rhinoceros fights with the elephant, runs his horn into him, and carries him off upon his head; but the blood of the elephant running into his eyes and making him blind, he falls to the ground, and then, strange to relate, the roc comes and carries them both away in her claws to be food for her young ones.”
Sinbad hitching a ride on the legendary RocIn The Fifth Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, a roc couple avenge the death of their child by destroying Sinbad’s ship:
“… we found an egg of a roc … The merchants whom I had taken on board my ship … broke the egg with hatchets, and … pulled out the young roc piece by piece, and roasted it. … Scarcely had they made an end of their feast, when there appeared in the air, at a considerable distance from us, two great clouds. … it was the cock and hen roc that belonged to the young one … [They] approached with a frightful noise, … [and] carried between their talons stones, or rather rocks, of a monstrous size. When they came directly over my ship, they hovered, and one of them let fall a stone … so exactly upon the middle of the ship that it split into a thousand pieces.”
Relation of the roc to the constellation Cygnus:
“The origin of the representation as bird of these stars is Greek. It is thought that the original figure of the mesopotámica tradition had taken the name of Urakhga, prototype of the Rukh Arab, more known in the West like the great “Roc”, a fiction personage inspired by the merchants of Bagdad, the story of Sinbad the Sailor, content in Thousands and the One Nights.”
In fact a giant ostrich-like bird called the Aepyornis maximus or elephant bird once lived on the island of Madagascar, off the coast of Africa. This gigantic bird may not have become extinct until the sixteenth century, and it is said to have been the largest bird that ever lived - believed to have been 3 metres (10 ft) tall and weighing close to half a ton – 400 kilograms (880 lb). But while huge like the roc, this bird was not able to fly, however, its large eggs probably helped fuel the legend of the mythical Roc.Aepyornis maximus H.G.Wells wrote a short story called Aepyornis Island in which a marooned sailor hatches an Aepyornis egg and lives with the bird, far larger than any recorded in history, for several years.Remains of Aepyornis adults and eggs have been found; in some cases the eggs have a circumference of over 1 meter (3.3 ft) and a length up to 34 centimetres (13 in). The egg volume is about 160 times greater than a chicken egg.It is widely believed that the extinction of Aepyornis was an effect of human activity. The birds were initially widespread, occurring from the northern to the southern tip of Madagascar. One theory states that humans hunted the elephant birds to extinction in a very short time for such a large landmass. There is indeed evidence that they were killed. However, their eggs may have been the most vulnerable point in their life cycle. A recent archaeological study found fragments of eggshells among the remains of human fires, suggesting that the eggs regularly provided meals for entire families.Aepyornis is not the only giant bird to give rise to legends. The Maori people have long told of a giant eagle that once lived in New Zealand. Evidence such as bones and talons have proved the giant bird, now called Haast’s eagle, was more than a myth. And unlike Aepyornis, it could fly. It had a wingspan of nearly three meters (10 feet) and preyed on moas, large flightless birds related to ostriches. Haast’s eagle (Harpagornis moorei) lived until about AD 1500-recent enough to possibly have been encountered by Maori ancestors. Giant Haast’s eagle attacking New Zealand moaThe Aepyornis elephant bird was not a moa, but the other flightless giant island-living birds had members in its family which were taller than the elephant bird at 7 ft (2 metres) to the middle of the back and 13 ft (4 metres) to the head (twice the height of a tall man). New Zealand was even more isolated than Madagascar and had no land mammals except bats. The first Polynesians arrived in New Zealand around the 10th century, becoming the Maori. The dominant life-forms were the giant land birds that lived in the fringes of the semi-tropical forests and on the grasslands and which the Maoris called ‘Moas’. Encountering the huge birds, the Maoris made legends of the giant moa, calling it the Poua-Kai and describing it as a huge bird of terrific size and strength which, in a great battle, destroyed half the warriors of a powerful tribe with its terrible rending talons and thrusting beak Moas were huge ratite ‘running birds’ like the Elephant Bird, but they inhabited the grasslands and forest-fringe in extraordinary numbers and variety. Scientists later gave them the family name Dinornithidae, ‘terrible birds’. The aggressive Polynesian invaders became a Moa-hunting culture and for the moa, which had had no predators in 100 million years, the effect was devastating.By the time Europeans discovered the islands in 1770, the giant moas had been hunted to extinction; their official extinction date is given as 1773. Europeans did not learn of the moa’s existence until bones were discovered in the 1830s. With only one natural predator large enough to tackle them, the Haast’s Eagle, they were the dominant terrestrial species on the islands.
INTERTWINED TALES
Is it possible the legendary Roc was based on a combination of the very real Elephant Bird and Giant Haast’s Eagles that actually existed? Many Cryptozoologists do believe the mythical bird could have been based upon actual sightings of these giant birds. That Roc feather mentioned earlier was later suggested by Marco Polo’s translator, Sir Henry Yule, to be a frond of a Raphia palm that the Great Khan was conned by. Raphia palms grow up to 16 m tall and are remarkable for their compound pinnate leaves, the longest in the plant kingdom; leaves of R. regalis up to 25.11 m long and 3 m wide are known. If you were alive back in this age of wonder, you too may have experienced bewildered awe of anyone who first saw them.Source Credit(s): www-v1.amnh.org/exhibitions/mythiccreatures/air/strike.php, monsters.monstrous.com/roc.htm, ennex.com/~Roc/name/index.asp, messybeast.com/extinct/moa.htm, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aepyornis, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffia_palmRoc top illustration (with permission) © Gonzalo Ordóñez Arias genzoman.deviantart.com
Cryptid Chronicles readers, what do YOU think??
Please post your comments!
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